coastal
US /ˈkoʊstl/
・UK /ˈkəʊstl/
A2 初級英檢高級
adj.形容詞海岸的 ； 海岸 ； 沿海
These coastal waters are very deep and dangerous to swim in
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【聽Podcast學英文】學習閱讀如何改變生活 (How learning to read changes lives ⏲️ 6 Minute English)
- The biggest reason people grow up illiterate is not going to school, and that's especially true for people living in the coastal towns of Bangladesh. Because these towns flood regularly, families are always on the move, making it hard for children to get an education.
人們長大後成為文盲的最大原因是沒有上學，對於生活在孟加拉國沿海城鎮的人們來說尤其如此。由於這些城鎮經常被洪水淹沒，家庭總是四處遷移，兒童很難接受教育。
- and that's especially true for people living in the coastal towns of Bangladesh.
我們的第二個項目在離家更近的英格蘭北部開展，那裡的慈善機構
關於頻頻重創美國的「颶風」你究竟知多少？ (The "dirty side" of a hurricane, explained)
- And storm surge in coastal areas isn't the only way the dirty side can bring on huge amounts of rainfall and deadly flooding.
沿海地區的風暴潮並不是骯髒的一面帶來大量降雨和致命洪水的唯一方式。
- And storm surge in coastal areas isn't the only way the dirty side can bring on huge amounts of rainfall and deadly flooding.
沿海地區的風暴潮並不是骯髒的一面帶來大量降雨和致命洪水的唯一方式。
美國最嚴重的潛在災難：為什麼卡斯凱迪亞大地震比想像中更恐怖？（Wait...The Worst Possible US Disaster Just Got EVEN WORSE?!? (Cascadia Megaquake)）
- in part because of Japanese record-keeping detailing a mysterious orphaned tsunami that hit coastal villages without warning.
- Scientists were able to pinpoint this exact moment, in part because of Japanese record-keeping detailing a mysterious orphaned tsunami that hit coastal villages without warning.
科學家能夠精確地確定這個時刻，部分原因是日本的記錄詳細記載了一場神秘的孤兒海嘯，在沒有預警的情況下襲擊了沿海村莊。
日本石川發生7.6強震後發出海嘯警報 (Tsunami warning in Japan after strong earthquake | BBC News)
- Japan's Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has urged people in coastal areas to evacuate immediately and to move to higher ground as further earthquakes are expected in the coming hours.
日本首相岸田文雄敦促沿海地區的居民立即疏散，並轉移到地勢較高的地方，因為預計未來數小時內還會發生地震。
- Japan's Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, has urged people in coastal areas to evacuate immediately and to move to higher ground as further earthquakes are expected in the coming hours.
日本首相岸田文雄敦促沿海地區的居民立即疏散，並轉移到地勢較高的地方，因為預計未來數小時內還會發生地震。
紐約真的要沉沒了嗎？ (Is New York really sinking? | BBC Global)
- There's a lot of coastal infrastructure projects, such as one called the Big U, which wraps around all of Manhattan, kind of in a U shape,
是以，你必須考慮到一切，包括水位上升的速度，以及你的土地是上升還是下降。
- There's a lot of coastal infrastructure projects, such as one called the Big U, which wraps around all of Manhattan, kind of in a U-shape,
那麼，我們怎樣才能阻止沉沒呢？
【時事英文】南極洲到底該歸誰擁有呢？ (Who Owns Antarctica? (Bizarre Borders Part 3))
- Nonetheless, like Monopoly, the optimal colonial strategy is "claim everything you land on." In the early 1900s, the UK toyed with claiming all of Antarctica before scaling back her ambitions to just the coastal part she had explored to the South Pole.
原因是：探險者在大約 1800 年代時開始登陸上南極洲，插上旗子並主張土地的所有權
- France also claimed coastal explorations to the Pole, followed by Norway, followed by the Nazis.
但這種主張略微空洞，因為在遊戲《文明帝國》的科技圖上， 南極是無法被殖民的
第一集：地質學家揭開臺灣玉的祕密！臺灣竟藏有世界最獨特岩石？！???❤️ [全臺最大塊玉石？！] (第一集: 美國地質學家不敢相信台灣擁有全世界最獨特的岩石! ???❤️ [台灣最大塊的玉石?!] Geologist Reveals The Secret Of Taiwan Jade!)
![第一集：地質學家揭開臺灣玉的祕密！臺灣竟藏有世界最獨特岩石？！???❤️ [全臺最大塊玉石？！] (第一集: 美國地質學家不敢相信台灣擁有全世界最獨特的岩石! ???❤️ [台灣最大塊的玉石?!] Geologist Reveals The Secret Of Taiwan Jade!)](https://img.youtube.com/vi/cQyjvdrQqKc/hqdefault.jpg)
- Taiwan is a combination of an ocean plate and a continent plate about 80% of Taiwan is used to be continental ocean sediments and ocean mud and then if it wasn't for the ocean plate there would be no Taiwan so if you know the ocean plate is what now makes up the coastal range so the coastal mountain range that's that's transferred from Hualien to Taitung that came in and essentially pushed the rest of Taiwan into the sky oh wow and so so if you can imagine like this book is the continental plate and this little book is the ocean plate that's kind of how Taiwan is separated out you could also use your left hand to kind of imagine Taiwan my thumb is eastern Taiwan and my which is the ocean plate and the rest majority of my hand is you know the rest of Taiwan which is continental plate but if it wasn't for this little thumb here pushing in and squeezing all this rocks upwards there would be no Taiwan we're constantly pushing on it too because these plates are constantly slowly moving and that's what will cause an earthquake so that's why Taiwan has earthquakes with every earthquake Taiwan is higher just a little bit by like a maybe like a half a millimeter oh right every earth every earthquake is pushing Taiwan up higher and higher and higher but with all these typhoons and with earthquakes as well it's also bringing Taiwan down you have landslides rockfalls so earthquake is always pushing together is like is never here here in in Taiwan an earthquake is happening because two plates are at odds and the the Philippine ocean plate is pushing towards pushing towards the continent of Eurasia and how fast really started rising out of the ground around 4.5 million years ago 4.5 but that's like.
我愛我的家人，但看著花蓮的山海美景，我有一種難以言喻的感覺。
- So if you know the ocean plate is what now makes up the coastal range.
是以，如果你知道海洋板塊就是現在的海岸山脈。
美國地質學家第二集：別把臺灣岩石當成理所當然！??❤️ 臺灣的岩石竟然有三大特色！Taiwan Rock Masterclass！一起來認識臺灣的奇妙地質！ (美國地質學家第二集：別把台灣岩石作理所當然! ??❤️台灣有三大特色! Taiwan Rock Masterclass! Learn Everything About Taiwans Geology!)
- I've been vibing I think like oh yeah we're talking about rocks now everybody knows about what andesite is volcanic rock this is found on the coastal range also eastern Taiwan and in Lüdao and Lanyu so far off outlying islands sandstone fossil rich sandstone this can be found in a lot of Tainan and Kaohsiung also so the west coast has is known for their fossils that's one of the big things that I don't have because I haven't I don't really explore a lot of I've explored almost any of western Taiwan if I'm being honest so that's what I'm missing here is I'm missing a lot of the sedimentary rocks and all the cool fossil rich rocks that western Taiwan has to offer so if you like rocks you want to show me a cool rock and you live in western Taiwan maybe I can reach out to me because that's what I don't have here so go back to here igneous rock lava rock from the outlying islands of Taiwan metamorphic rocks from eastern Taiwan and then sedimentary rocks from western Taiwan with fossil I love Taiwan just because of like the wide variety of like the high mountains and like the beaches and everything from a rock perspective it sounds like it would be even more fascinating yeah is there a difference like altitude wise like for example like the top of the mountain and like the bottom of the same mountain or at the beach would that be like look the same to you or or is it interesting like from an altitude level as well oh my gosh yeah I mean if you love if you love rocks you also just love being outside and when you're at the top of a mountain you just look out over the landscape it's just the best feeling ever it's like this giant especially Taiwan has these arcing just rolling mountain ranges if you look at Taiwan and you cut it from the east to the west the rocks in the east are the oldest and you and then everything west of Taiwan are are lower and lower metamorphic grade so like for example what I mean by metamorphic grade is essentially how long something got cooked or baked so a lot of the central mountain range in Taiwan are slate or just a cooked mud and why is why is there why is there cooked mud now in the mountains the rest of the majority of Taiwan used to just be an ocean ocean bottom you know what is the at the bottom of an ocean just tons of slime muddy slime and that just sits in the bottom of the ocean and that stuff got pushed upwards and as it got pushed it got cooked and hardened so like from a rock's perspective like tops of Taiwan is honestly not that interesting to me because it's all just cooked mud like the top of Taiwan's mountains are all just majority is like cooked mud which is like basically fancy mud and that's also fancy mud that's like turned into plates essentially which is what a lot of indigenous folks used in like mountain tribes they use this as a construction material they use slate to build homes because it's so flat and also water resistant and also can be it's pretty stiff too so like from a rock perspective the mountain ranges in Taiwan they're all right but it's mostly about the view to get to get real close-up looks at rocks like pretty pretty rocks it's honestly nice to stay on the beach sides or at least like on the flatlands because um you have the rivers the power of Taiwan's rivers which are so extreme there's typhoons and there's earthquakes which means that as mount these mountains are also rising they're also being destroyed at one of the world's fastest rates like Taiwan's mountains are rising but also being washed away so what you have are these super wide river valleys which essentially show you a side view of all the rocks so like Taroko gorge yeah like Taroko and and also all around Taiwan you have these giant rivers these huge river valleys which are rarely full of water but they just left behind a lot of rocks you know you can find a lot of cool rocks just by crawling up river valleys and seeing the side view so for if you want to look really close at rocks staying lower is usually better because the river is doing all the work for you you don't need to cut open a rock to see what's inside no geologists love to see what's inside a rock but the river is naturally cut cut it for you if i would go out on a beach and i would look for like a pretty rock yeah i would yeah all rocks are pretty it's so excited i would just look at like the shape oh this kind of looks like a heart this looks like like a little stick or something so it's like a unique way for me but for for like just fresh beginners who wants to get into these different like types of rocks for example what will be like the the day one thing you will teach them like what should they look for how should they like analyze it from like the day one beginner level point of things if you want to get to know rocks you should familiarize yourself with minerals minerals are the things that make up rocks and once you can identify minerals then you can start feeling you know kind of special like oh i know what that is inside of it you should get yourself familiarized with this mineral right here this is called quartz you can check it out quartz is the most common mineral in the world it's silica one silica and two oxygens and it's super hard many many crystals you see around are made out of quartz and so if you can identify quartz there's some ways you can do it it's hard so it's got a hardness of seven it can scratch certain things so like knowing like if you can take it and you have maybe a penny or a nail and you could if you can scratch it and if it leaves a mark or it doesn't leave a mark that can be a way to identify quartz getting to know quartz like for example this is the one that i found in found in uh in hawaiian here too in northern hawaiian it's like see-through yeah it's a quartz can be quartz can be almost entirely translucent or it can be really white the three main things that make taiwan kind of world famous for geologists would be how it formed how active the landscape changes and then also the unique metamorphic rocks so those are like the main three things that taiwan is pretty much a playground for geologists amazing you really are the taiwan rock guy i don't know the most about rocks here in taiwan like i'm not a geology phd but i would like to say that from what i do know i can help you digest that information better than somebody who maybe knows three to four times more than me about these rocks in in taiwan an earthquake is happening because two plates are at odds and the the philippine ocean plate is pushing towards pushing towards the continent of eurasia but when when plates are moving apart like in iceland that's when volcanoes form like you can kind of think about the center of the earth is really hot the center of the earth is never going to get hotter it's always going to keep cooling off things that are hot are always going to try to cool down release its energy just like when we get hot we sweat so you can kind of think that a volcano is kind of like the earth sweating so the earth is really hot and it needs to find a way to the heat to escape the outside and when when that heat finally escapes it comes out in the form of a volcano and then when a volcano happens it's pushing those those two chips away but how come then taiwan both have earthquakes and volcanoes volcanoes don't just happen at where plates are coming apart okay volcanoes can also happen where when two plates come together there's usually a winner right one one plate is more buoyant and one plate is more dense and so when they come together one is going to slide underneath the other and we know that the center of the earth is super hot right the center is so hot as you move closer and deeper into the earth the rocks get hotter and hotter too for example these two plates are coming together one is going to start sliding underneath as that moves down it's going to start to melt a little because it keeps it gets so hot down here that's the the scientific sound it makes yes so like when these rocks down here at the bottom here they're going to get too hot they're going to get too hot and they're going to melt and when those rocks melt they get bubbly and they have a lower density right so like when like a bubbly soda it gets super bubbly and when you open it up all the air releases outward that gas needs to go somewhere and so it gets low and also lower density so like it wants to go back up rise back up to the surface and form a volcano the coolest part about this area i mean just all of taiwan is that you don't really need to go far to see a really textbook quality rock of metamorphic igneous and sedimentary rocks so all the three main rock types are very accessible in in taiwan and you don't need to go too far to see them just see really nice really nice ones too no more questions perfect thank you all so much for watching my name is lucas it starts with alice in like ends with s as you subscribe please do both and see you all in the next one wow look at this l with like s and subscribe that's good
我一直在想，我們現在在談論的是岩石，大家都知道安山岩是火山岩，在臺灣東部的沿海地區和呂島、蘭嶼等離島的砂岩中都可以找到，富含化石的砂岩在臺南和高雄的很多地方也可以找到。老實說，我沒有探索過臺灣西部的任何地方，所以這也是我所遺漏的，我遺漏了許多沉積巖，以及臺灣西部所擁有的豐富岩石化石。我喜歡臺灣，因為這裡有各式各樣的高山、海灘，還有從岩石觀點來看的一切。從岩石的角度來看，聽起來會更加迷人，是的，從海拔的角度來看，比如說山頂和山腳或者海灘會有什麼不同嗎？當你站在山頂，眺望遠方，那是最棒的感覺，就像一個巨人，尤
- This is found on the coastal range, also Eastern Taiwan and in Lüdao and Lanyu, so far off, uh, outlying islands.