aristocracy
US /ˌærɪˈstɑ:krəsi/
・UK /ˌærɪˈstɒkrəsi/
B2 中高級
n.名詞貴族政治；貴族階級
Princess Diana's father was a member of the British aristocracy
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蓋茨比的華麗與哀愁—英文文學史速成班#4 (Like Pale Gold - The Great Gatsby Part I: Crash Course English Literature #4 )
- we pride ourselves on our lack of aristocracy and the equality of opportunity,
哈克-費恩是一部關於奴隸制和激進不平等的小說。
- but Gatsby is a novel about our de facto aristocracy and the limits of American opportunity.
[外加一個案例研究，說明為現代觀眾編輯經典作品的尷尬之處]
思想史：餐桌禮儀的演變！ (HISTORY OF IDEAS - Manners)
- London, England, 1209. The Book of the Civilised Man is published by a Daniel of Beckles. It's a poem written in Latin that explains how to act with courtesy and decorum in social situations. It advises, for example, if you wish to belch, remember to look up to the ceiling, do not attack your enemy while he is squatting to defecate, never pester ladies or look too closely at their dress, don't mount your horse in the hall and, in front of grandees, do not openly excavate your nostril by twisting your fingers. Slowly, the aristocracy is becoming more self-aware about its conduct in social circumstances. In particular, men are being asked to behave with more decorum around women, and there's an ever-increasing censure of picking one's nose in public.
1209 年，英國倫敦。文明人之書》由貝克爾斯的丹尼爾出版。這是用拉丁文寫成的一首詩，解釋了在社交場合如何舉止有禮。例如，它建議，如果你想打嗝，記得抬頭仰望天花板，不要在敵人蹲下排便時攻擊他，不要糾纏女士或過於仔細地觀察她們的衣著，不要在大廳裡騎馬，在貴族面前，不要扭動手指公然挖鼻孔。慢慢地，貴族們對自己在社交場合的行為越來越有自知之明。尤其是，人們要求男性在女性面前表現得更有風度，而在公共場合挖鼻孔的行為也越來越受到譴責。
- Slowly, the aristocracy is becoming more self-aware about its conduct in social circumstances.
世紀以來的日本文化賞櫻之旅 (Cherry Blossom Viewing over the Centuries: Cherry Blossoms in Japanese Culture)
- Beginning in the 9th century, saplings and trees were brought down from the mountains to grace the gardens of the aristocracy.
從九世紀開始，為了讓貴族們的花園增添光彩，櫻花樹苗和樹木被帶到山下。
- Beginning in the 9th century, saplings and trees were brought down from the mountains to grace the gardens of the aristocracy.
從九世紀開始，為了讓貴族們的花園增添光彩，櫻花樹苗和樹木被帶到山下。
卡瑞德的觀點：川普政府如何打壓專家！ (Fareed's Take: The Trump administration's attack on experts)
- For Thomas Jefferson, nature's most precious lesson in setting up a society was that it should be run by what he called a natural aristocracy based on virtue and talents.
湯瑪斯·傑佛遜認為，建立社會最寶貴的自然法則，是社會應該由他所謂的、基於美德和天賦的「自然貴族」來領導。
- The wrong model was the artificial aristocracy based on wealth and birth.
而基於財富和出身的「人為貴族」則是錯誤的模式。
歐洲縮影！五個迷你國家的奇幻旅程 🗺️ (Little Europe: Five Micro-Countries)
- Humble Monaco was suddenly on the Grand Tour map, the place for the vacationing aristocracy to play.
直到今天，列支敦士登仍與其瑞士鄰國保持著密切的合作關係。
- Humble Monaco was suddenly on the Grand Tour map - the place for the vacationing aristocracy
謙遜的摩納哥突然出現在「壯遊」地圖上——這是度假的貴族們
6 個讓人今天也受苦的歷史宿醉！ (6 Historical Hangovers Making Us Miserable Today)
- However important humans might have felt, however grand the aristocracy or urgent the news of the day, people knew that they were not the measure of all things, that above and beyond the earthly realm there was something else more mysterious, imposing and strange to which they would all regularly have to bow and which would relativise them in one another's eyes. The fanciest king was nothing next to a thunderous god, the mightiest invention pathetic next to an angry sea. But we humans are now the most astonishing things we can conceive of. It's our momentous doings, our intelligence, our incomprehensibly wondrous technologies that mesmerise us and are at the centre of collective consciousness. God has died and nature is to be pitied and patronised like a wounded, once proud animal. We have lost any redeeming sense of our own unimportance. We are at the same time, each one of us, told repeatedly that we could do and be anything. We might, with sufficient hard work, assume the presidency, unlock a major scientific secret or become known to the entire planet through our athletic or artistic prowess. We are also thereby subtly informed that only a very special destiny is valid. There is no dignity left in a so-called ordinary life.
無論人類覺得自己多麼重要，無論貴族多麼顯赫，無論當天的新聞多麼緊迫，人們都知道，他們並不是萬物的尺度，在塵世之上，在塵世之外，還有其他更神祕、更威嚴、更奇特的東西，他們都必須經常向這些東西低頭，在彼此的眼中，這些東西會使他們相對化。與雷霆萬鈞的神相比，最偉大的國王也不過如此；與憤怒的大海相比，最強大的發明也是可悲的。但現在，我們人類是我們所能想象的最驚人的事物。我們的偉大事業、我們的智慧、我們難以理解的奇妙技術讓我們著迷，併成為集體意識的中心。上帝已經死了，大自然就像一隻受傷的、曾經驕傲的動物一樣，值得同
- However important humans might have felt, however grand the aristocracy or urgent the news of the day, people knew that they were not the measure of all things;
音樂天才約瑟夫・布洛涅不平凡的一生 (The extraordinary life of musical genius Joseph Boulogne | BBC Ideas)
- Despite his connections to the aristocracy, he sided with the revolutionaries.
儘管他和貴族圈有交情，他還是與革命者們站在同一陣線。
- Despite his connections to the aristocracy, he sided with the revolutionaries.
遺憾的是，在腿上的潰瘍壞死後，1799年布洛涅於53歲左右時去世。
見見女繼承人：黛西·萊特 (Lucy Worsley 介紹) (Meet the heiress: Daisy Leiter (with Lucy Worsley))
- This is the name given to rich American heiresses who came over to Britain at the turn of the 20th century and who made a habit of marrying members of the aristocracy.
這是對 20 世紀初來到英國的美國富家女繼承人的稱呼，她們習慣於與貴族成員結婚。
- This is the name given to rich American heiresses who came over to Britain at the turn of the 20th century and who made a habit of marrying members of the aristocracy.
這是對 20 世紀初來到英國的美國富家女繼承人的稱呼，她們習慣於與貴族成員結婚。